What are Estimated tax payments?

Estimated tax payments are quarterly tax installments paid directly to the IRS by taxpayers who don't have sufficient withholding from wages or other income sources, ensuring compliance with the federal pay-as-you-go tax system. Self-employed individuals, freelancers, investors, and rental property owners typically make these payments using Form 1040-ES on April 15, June 16, September 15, and January 15 each year. Safe harbor rules protect taxpayers from underpayment penalties when payments equal at least 100% of the prior year's tax liability (110% for high earners with AGI exceeding $150,000) or 90% of the current year's tax. Strategic Traditional 401k contributions can reduce the income subject to quarterly estimates through pre-tax deferrals.

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